AOM- Anti obesity medications- anti-obesity medication or weight loss medications are pharmacological agents that reduce or control weight. These medications alter one of the fundamental processes of the human body, weight regulation, by altering either appetite, or absorption of calories.
Multidisciplinary Bariatric Program- is a team approach to testing and treatment of clinically severe obesity. It includes surgical, nutrition and psychological assessment and treatment.
Nutrition- is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life. It provides organisms with nutrients, which can be metabolized to create energy and chemical structures. Failure to obtain sufficient nutrients causes malnutrition.
Obesity- is a chronic disease and is meant to be treated long-term. Pharmacotherapy helps treat the metabolic adaptation that occurs with obesity and is meant to be used as ongoing treatment.
Weight-loss- is a decrease in body weight resulting from either voluntary (diet, exercise) or involuntary (illness) circumstances. Most instances of weight loss arise due to the loss of body fat, but in cases of extreme or severe weight loss, protein and other substances in the body can also be depleted.
Weight plateaus- weight-loss plateau is when your weight stops changing. Being stuck at a weight-loss plateau eventually happens to everyone who tries to lose weight. Even so, most people are surprised when it happens to them because they're still eating carefully and exercising regularly.
Pharmacotherapy Definitions
Pharmacotherapy- is medical treatment by means of drugs.
Bupropion-naltrexone- is a fixed-dose combination medication for the management of chronic obesity in adults in combination with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. A common name is Contrave among others.
Liraglutide- is an anti-diabetic medication that can treat type 2 diabetes. It can also promote weight loss in certain patients. A common names is Victoza.
Orlistat- is a weight loss medication that can help patients reach and maintain a healthy weight. Some common names are Xenical and Alli.
Phentermine-topiramate- is a combination drug of phentermine and topiramate used to treat obesity. It is used together with dietary changes and exercise. If less than 3% weight loss is seen after 3 months it is recommended the medication be stopped. The weight loss is modest. A common name is Qsymia.
Semaglutide- is an anti-diabetic medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and an anti-obesity medication used for long-term weight management, developed by Novo Nordisk in 2012. Some common names are Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus.
Hunger Hormones Definitions
Amylin-is co-stored and co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic islet β-cells. Amylin inhibits food intake, delays gastric emptying, and decreases blood glucose levels, leading to the reduction of body weight. Therefore, amylin as well as insulin play important roles in controlling the level of blood glucose.
Cholecystokinin-is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein. Cholecystokinin, formerly called pancreozymin, is synthesized and secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine.
Ghrelin-is a multifaceted gut hormone which activates its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin's hallmark functions are its stimulatory effects on food intake, fat deposition and growth hormone release. Ghrelin is famously known as the “hunger hormone”.
GLP-1-is a hormone (a natural chemical in the body) that is produced in the small intestine. It stimulates insulin secretion (which then allows cells to take up glucose) and inhibits glucagon secretion (which prevents more glucose from going into the bloodstream) to lower blood sugar levels.
Insulin- is a hormone made by the islet cells of the pancreas. Insulin controls the amount of sugar in the blood by moving it into the cells, where it can be used by the body for energy.
Leptin- serves as a gauge for energy reserves and directs the central nervous system to adjust food intake and energy expenditure accordingly. Leptin exerts immediate effects by acting on the brain to regulate appetite.
Peptide YY- is a hormone made in the small intestine. It helps to reduce appetite and limit food intake.
